O‘PKA SARATONINING MOLEKULYAR PATOLOGIYASI
Ключевые слова:
o‘pka saratoni, NSCLC, SCLC, molekulyar patologiya, genetik mutatsiya, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, TP53, RB1, PD-L1, immunoterapiya, target terapiya, NGS, signal yo‘llari, onkogenez, personalizatsiyalangan davolashАннотация
Ushbu maqolada o‘pka saratonining molekulyar patologiyasi, uning rivojlanish mexanizmlari va zamonaviy diagnostika hamda davolash usullarining ilmiy asoslari batafsil yoritilgan. O‘pka saratoni global miqyosda yuqori kasallanish va o‘lim ko‘rsatkichlari bilan ajralib turuvchi dolzarb tibbiy muammo hisoblanadi. Maqolada kichik hujayrali bo‘lmagan o‘pka saratoni (NSCLC) va kichik hujayrali o‘pka saratoni (SCLC) turlarining molekulyar xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1 va BRAF genlaridagi mutatsiyalar hamda TP53 va RB1 genlarining inaktivatsiyasi o‘smalar patogenezida muhim o‘rin tutishi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, PD-L1 ekspressiyasi orqali o‘sma hujayralarining immun tizimdan qochish mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Zamonaviy molekulyar diagnostika usullari, jumladan next-generation sequencing (NGS) texnologiyasi yordamida bir vaqtning o‘zida ko‘plab genetik o‘zgarishlarni aniqlash imkoniyati mavjudligi ta’kidlangan. Maqolada target terapiya va immunoterapiyaning klinik samaradorligi hamda individual davolash strategiyalarini tanlashdagi ahamiyati keng tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, molekulyar yondashuvlar asosida olib borilgan davolash usullari bemorlarning yashash davomiyligini oshirish va hayot sifatini yaxshilashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
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