Legal Regulation of Contracts in Civil Law Relations: A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Legislation of Uzbekistan and China
Ключевые слова:
contract law; civil law relations; Uzbekistan; China; Civil Code; freedom of contract; breach of contract; comparative lawАннотация
This article examines the legal regulation of contracts in civil law relations through a comparative analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China. It focuses on the concept and legal nature of contracts, freedom of contract, rights and obligations of contractual parties, formation and validity, performance, liability for breach, modification, termination, and dispute settlement. The article argues that Uzbekistan and China share a civil-law orientation based on party equality, autonomy of will, good faith, proper performance, judicial protection, and liability for non-performance. At the same time, their contract regimes differ in legislative technique and reform direction. Uzbekistan's Civil Code preserves a post-Soviet structure in which contract law is embedded in the general law of obligations and supplemented by special rules for economic contracts. China has recently consolidated contract law in Book Three of the Civil Code of 2020 and supports statutory provisions through detailed judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's Court. The Chinese experience shows the practical importance of codified rules on electronic contracts, standard terms, changed circumstances, and interpretive guidance for courts. The article recommends that Uzbekistan modernize its contract regulation by clarifying pre-contractual liability, digital contracting, unfair standard terms, hardship, arbitral enforcement, and publication of judicial practice. Comparative analysis with China can assist Uzbekistan's civil-law reform while preserving national legal identity and doctrinal coherence.
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