CRIMINAL-LEGAL ESSENCE OF THE PUNISHMENT OF RESTRICTION OF LIBERTY AND ITS MODERN SIGNIFICANCE
Keywords:
restriction of freedom, criminal punishment, penal system, humanization of punishment, alternative measures to deprivation of liberty, probation, reintegration of convicted persons, Criminal CodeAbstract
The article analyzes the criminal-legal essence, legal nature and place of the punishment of restriction of liberty provided for in Article 481 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the modern penal system. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of this type of punishment in the system of measures not related to deprivation of liberty and to reveal the problems of its practical application. The study is based on comparative-legal, dogmatic (formal-legal) and systematic analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that the punishment of restriction of liberty is an important tool of the policy of humanization and liberalization of punishment, is effective in ensuring the social reintegration of convicts and preventing excessive burden on the penitentiary system. Modern criminological research confirms that alternative measures to deprivation of liberty are no less effective than punishments based on isolation in reducing the level of recidivism. The conclusion of the article presents proposals and recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of this type of punishment.
References
1. Ozbekiston Respublikasining Jinoyat kodeksi (22.09.1994). 42, 43, 481-moddalar. Qonun hujjatlari malumotlari milliy bazasi. URL: https://lex.uz/docs/-111453.
2. Ozbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasi. — Toshkent: Adolat, 2023. URL: https://lex.uz/docs/6445145.
3. Ozbekiston Respublikasining Jinoyat-ijroiya kodeksi (25.04.1997). 81-bob, 444-modda. URL: https://lex.uz/docs/-163629.
4. Rustambayev M.H. Jinoyat huquqi kursi. Umumiy qism: darslik. — Toshkent: ILM ZIYO, 2021. — [bet korsatilsin].
5. Inogamova-Hegay L.V. va boshq. Jinoyat huquqi. Umumiy qism. — [nashriyot va yil korsatilsin].
6. United Nations. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules). UN General Assembly Resolution 70/175, 2015. URL: https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Nelson_Mandela_RulesE-ebook.pdf.
7. United Nations. Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (the Tokyo Rules). UN General Assembly Resolution 45/110, 1990. URL: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/united-nationsstandard-minimum-rules-non-custodial-measures.
8. Penal Reform International. Global Prison Trends 2025. — London: PRI, 2025. URL: https://www.penalreform.org/global-prison-trends-2025/.
9. Villettaz P., Gillieron G., Killias M. The Effects on Re-offending of Custodial vs. Noncustodial Sanctions: An Updated Systematic Review of the State of Knowledge. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2015, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2015.1.
10. Petrich D.M., Pratt T.C., Jonson C.L., Cullen F.T. Custodial Sanctions and Reoffending: A Meta-Analytic Review. Crime and Justice, 2021, vol. 50, pp. 353-424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/715100.
11. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Alternatives to Imprisonment. URL: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/justice-and-prison-reform/cpcj-alternatives-toimprisonment.html.
