AKVAKULTURADA ANTIBIOTIKLAR QOʻLLANILISHI VA UNING BALIQ MIKROBIOMASIGA EKOLOGIK OQIBATLARI
Keywords:
Aquaculture, antibiotics, fish microbiome, ecological impact, antibiotic resistance, aquatic ecosystem, probiotics, biosecurityAbstract
This article analyzes the ecological effects of antibiotic use in aquaculture on fish microbiomes and aquatic ecosystems. Along with the importance of antibiotics in controlling bacterial diseases in fish farming, the study examines their influence on beneficial microorganisms, microbial diversity, and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Particular attention is paid to the role of microorganisms inhabiting the fish gut, skin, and gills in digestion, immune protection, and adaptation to environmental conditions. The article also considers the risks associated with the persistence of antibiotic residues in water and sediments and the disruption of microbial balance. Rational antibiotic use, strengthened biosecurity measures, and the wider application of probiotics and other alternative approaches are identified as important directions for ensuring the ecological sustainability of aquaculture.
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