O‘SMIRLARDA ARTERIAL GIPERTENZIYA DIAGNOSTIKASI VA DAVOLASH USULLARI
Keywords:
adolescents, arterial hypertension, epidemiology, percentile charts, secondary hypertension, international standards, blood pressure percentiles, etiology, pathogenesisAbstract
This article examines the growing relevance of arterial hypertension (AH) among adolescents, drawing on international statistics to analyze its prevalence, etiological factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and modern diagnostic approaches. According to data from the World Health Organization and NHANES (2017–2020), elevated blood pressure above the 95th percentile is observed in 11.2% of adolescents aged 12–19 worldwide, while large multicenter studies in the United States estimate its prevalence at 8–15%, and in Uzbekistan it ranges from 8% to 12%. Among adolescents with obesity, the prevalence rises significantly to 24.8% compared to 4.5% in those with normal body weight. Secondary hypertension is most often associated with renal parenchymal diseases (55–60%), followed by renovascular conditions (10–15%) and endocrine disorders (10–12%), whereas essential hypertension is more commonly seen in older adolescents aged 16–18 and is strongly linked to excess body weight (OR = 3.2) and a positive family history (OR = 3.5–4.0). Early diagnosis in adolescents requires careful assessment using age-, sex-, and height-specific percentile charts, along with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and timely identification of secondary causes.
References
1. Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children, 1987
2. M.Ya.Studenikin – Gipertonik turdagi tomirlar vegetodistoniyasi klassifikatsiyasi
3. Qudratillayeva S.K., Saidrasulova G.B., Bafoyeva Z.O. – Postmenopauza davridagi ayollarda arterial gipertenziyaning kechishi
4. Flynn J.T. va boshq. – Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (AAP, 2017)
5. Lurbe E. va boshq. – European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents (ESH, 2016)
6. National High Blood Pressure Education Program – The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (2004)
7. Song P. va boshq. – Global prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis (JAMA Pediatr, 2019)
8. NHANES – National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2017-2020)
9. World Health Organization – Global Hypertension Report (2021)
10. Wühl E. va boshq. – Secondary hypertension in children and adolescents (Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2020)
11. DeBoer M.D. va boshq. – Metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adolescents (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019)
12. Meng Y. va boshq. – Risk factors for essential hypertension in adolescents (J Hypertens Res, 2022)
13. Brady T.M. va boshq. – The role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents (Pediatr Clin North Am, 2014)
14. Falkner B. – Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and natural history (Pediatr Nephrol, 2010)
